Sheikh Ayaz: The Revolutionary Voice of Sindhi Poetry and Culture
Introduction
Sheikh Ayaz (1923–1997), born Mubarak Ali Sheikh in Shikarpur, Sindh, is regarded as one of the most influential poets and intellectuals in Sindhi literature. A poet, philosopher, and political activist, he redefined Sindhi poetry by blending traditional Sufi themes with modernist sensibilities.
His work, spanning over six decades, remains a testament to his commitment to humanism, resistance against oppression, and the preservation of Sindhi cultural identity. His poetry and prose profoundly influenced Sindh’s socio-political landscape, inspiring generations of writers, thinkers, and activists.
Early Life and Origins
Sheikh Ayaz was born in Shikarpur, a historic town known for its diverse cultural heritage. His father, Sheikh Abdul Karim, was a landlord, and his mother, Mai Amani, played a pivotal role in shaping his early thoughts. Ayaz received his primary education in a local madrasa, where he studied Persian and Arabic.
Later, he attended a secular school and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Sindh Muslim College, Karachi, followed by a law degree from Karachi University. Despite his legal career, his passion for literature soon took precedence, leading him to become one of the most celebrated voices of Sindhi poetry.
Literary Career: Bridging Tradition and Modernity
Sheikh Ayaz began his literary journey in the 1940s, during a period of intense political and social upheaval. While his early poetry adhered to classical Sindhi forms like Kafi and Vaee, he later embraced free verse, revolutionizing Sindhi poetry. His work embodies a synthesis of Sufi mysticism, existential thought, and Marxist ideology, positioning him as a bridge between tradition and modernity.
Major Works and Themes
| شاعري مجموعو | سالِ اشاعت | موضوعات |
|---|---|---|
| ڀنوار ڀريا آڪاش | 1962 | سماجي ناانصافين ۽ سياسي جبر تي تنقيد |
| ڪلياتِ شيخ اياز | مختلف | شيخ اياز جي سموري شاعري جو مجموعو |
| ٻوليون | مختلف | پيار، وڇوڙو، ۽ وجودي ڪيفيتون |
| شهر ۽ ساهه | مختلف | عام ماڻھوءَ جي جدوجهد |
| جيئي سنڌ | مختلف | سنڌ جي قومي سڃاڻپ ۽ مزاحمت |
| واءُ ٿيا ويڻ سر | مختلف | فطرت، عشق، ۽ انقلاب |
| محبتن جا موسم | مختلف | رومانوي شاعري |
| لڙيو سج لڙيو | مختلف | وطن دوستي ۽ انقلاب |
| سسئي سان ڳالهيون | مختلف | شاهه لطيف جي فڪر تي شاعري |
| مرڻ مون سين مٽ | مختلف | آزادي، بغاوت، ۽ سماجي انصاف |
His poetry frequently juxtaposed the spiritual legacy of Sindh’s Sufi saints, such as Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, with contemporary struggles. In Shehr ain Saah (The City and the Breath), he writes:
“The city devours its children, yet we breathe—each breath a rebellion.”
Political Activism and Devotion to Sindh
Ayaz was not just a poet; he was an unwavering voice against oppression. Deeply influenced by Marxism, he saw poetry as a means to challenge injustice. His active role in the resistance against Pakistan’s One Unit Policy (1955–1970) demonstrated his dedication to Sindhi identity and autonomy.
He was imprisoned twice (1968 and 1983) for his political dissent, yet his incarceration only fueled his poetic expression. His iconic poem Sindhriyat (Sindh-ness) became an anthem for Sindhi nationalism:
“I am the soil of Sindh, my veins flow with the Indus—erase me, and you erase history.”
Contributions to Sindhi Language and Education
Beyond poetry, Ayaz made significant contributions to Sindhi language and literature through education and advocacy.
| Institution | Role | Contributions |
|---|---|---|
| Sindh University | Vice-Chancellor (1976–1979) | Promoted Sindhi language and literature |
| Literary Journals | Founder of Mehran | Provided a platform for young Sindhi writers |
| Language Policy | Activist for 1972 Language Bill | Ensured Sindhi regained official status in the province |
His tenure as Vice-Chancellor of Sindh University was marked by efforts to preserve and promote Sindhi language and culture, ensuring that future generations could learn and write in their mother tongue.
Legacy and Global Recognition
Sheikh Ayaz’s impact extended beyond Sindh, drawing comparisons with global literary figures such as Pablo Neruda and Faiz Ahmed Faiz. He received numerous accolades, yet he remained critical of state policies, using his art to resist authoritarianism.
| Award/Recognition | Year | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Sitara-i-Imtiaz | 1982 | Recognized for his contributions to literature |
| Kamal-e-Fun Award | 1994 | Highest literary honor in Pakistan |
| Sheikh Ayaz Festival | Annual | Celebrates his contributions to Sindhi literature |
His passing in 1997 was mourned nationwide, but his words continue to inspire. Contemporary Sindhi poets, including Amar Jaleel and Mushtaq Shad, cite him as a mentor. Annual conferences and the Sheikh Ayaz Festival ensure that his revolutionary voice remains relevant in debates on identity and resistance.
Conclusion: The Eternal Rebel
Sheikh Ayaz remains a beacon of intellectual courage and cultural pride. His poetry, a blend of lyricism and rebellion, continues to inspire those fighting for justice. In an era of globalization, his call to “root oneself in the soil” while embracing universal human values resonates deeply. As Sindh navigates modernity, Ayaz’s legacy serves as a guiding light—a reminder that literature can indeed change the world.
“Do not ask for a star, become the light yourself,” he once wrote. Sheikh Ayaz did just that, illuminating the path for future generations.